This research study focused on the development and evaluation of modified biochars derived from agro-industrial basil (Ocimum basilicum) residues for the removal of emerging contaminants, specifically the antidepressants fluoxetine (FLX) and trazodone (TRZ), from water [1]. The biochars were modified using various titanium (IV)-based formulations to enhance their properties for environmental applications. Aqueous-phase adsorption studies were conducted to assess the removal efficiency of the modified biochars. All materials exhibited removal efficiencies above 65% for both contaminants, highlighting their potential as effective adsorbents [2].
Among the materials produced, the biochar labeled B1 – modified with titanium (IV) oxide sulfate sulfuric acid hydrate – showed the lowest adsorption performance among the tested biochars. However, this material was subsequently evaluated as a photocatalyst in a light-assisted degradation process, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 70% for TRZ. This finding is significant as it demonstrates that even materials with lower adsorption performance can possess high added value as catalysts in advanced oxidation processes [3].
The results of this study emphasize the versatility of titanium-modified biochars, not only as sustainable adsorbents derived from plant waste, but also as efficient photocatalysts. In particular, the dual functionality of B1 biochar reinforces its potential for use in integrated water treatment technologies, contributing to a more sustainable management of waste and water resources.

References
[1] Khasawneh, O.F.S. & Puganeshwary, P. (2021). Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 150, 532-556.
[2] Puga, A., et al. (2022). J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 10(1), 106977.
[3] John, A.K., & Palaty, S. (2018). J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 87

Maria Pedro Gouveia, Ana Rita Alves, Sónia Figueiredo, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Antón Puga REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal